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- <text id=91TT0691>
- <title>
- Apr. 01, 1991: Mexico City's Menacing Air
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 01, 1991 Law And Disorder
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 61
- Mexico City's Menacing Air
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The shutdown of a refinery will only begin to curb a toxic cloud
- </p>
- <p> The people of Mexico City call it nata, or scum. It is the
- sickly brown cloud that stubbornly hangs over the megalopolis,
- home to 23 million people. Composed primarily of carbon
- monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, the smog
- has made the winter of 1991 the most toxic in Mexico City
- history, triggering a 16% to 20% jump in the incidence of
- respiratory infections, nosebleeds and emphysema. Since
- September, the city has enjoyed only six days in which noxious
- gases did not exceed danger levels. "The atmosphere has no
- time to recuperate," says Homero Aridjis, president of the
- Group of One Hundred, an environmental organization. "We have
- reached a chronic situation."
- </p>
- <p> Last week the worsening conditions prompted Mexican
- President Carlos Salinas de Gortari to step up his
- antipollution campaign by shutting down the giant oil refinery
- at Azcapotzalco in northwestern Mexico City. In operation since
- 1933, the facility had provided 34% of the city's gasoline and
- 85% of its diesel fuel. But it also spewed as much as 88,000
- tons of contaminants into the atmosphere each year and was
- responsible for up to 7% of the city's industrial air pollution.
- </p>
- <p> Curbing the toxic cloud does not come cheap. The oil
- facility's shutdown will cost $500 million, put more than 5,000
- people out of work, and require Mexico to import, at least
- temporarily, some refined petroleum. But even this dramatic
- move represents only a beginning. Three-quarters of Mexico
- City's air pollution comes from the capital's antiquated fleet
- of 15,000 smoke-belching buses, 40,000 taxis and almost 3
- million automobiles. Already the government has revamped 3,500
- buses with new, less polluting engines. Last week President
- Salinas announced a $1.3 million program to replace outmoded
- taxis and buses. "Let's leave a clean capital in the hands of
- our children," he said.
- </p>
- <p> The improvements come none too soon. Since 1982, the amount
- of contaminants in the air has more than tripled, to 7 million
- tons. Because the capital lies 2,240 m (7,347 ft.) above sea
- level, fossil fuels do not burn efficiently, producing more
- ozone than normal. During the calm winter months, the mountains
- that encircle the city trap the polluted air close to the
- ground in atmospheric sandwiches known as thermal inversions.
- </p>
- <p> Fortunately, inversions generally dissipate after a few
- hours, and there is a break of at least a few more hours before
- another inversion occurs. As the air grows more polluted,
- however, environmentalists fear the creation of a lethal
- inversion that remains fixed for days--like the one that
- killed 20 people in the smokestack town of Donora, Pa., in 1948
- or the killer fog that claimed the lives of 4,000 people in
- London in 1952. Even with the closure of the Azcapotzalco
- refinery, both Mexico's government and its industry will have
- to work harder at controlling pollution for years to come
- before the people of Mexico City can breathe easier.
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman. Reported by Laura Lopez/Mexico City.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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